
<table style="text-align:center"><caption><strong>Table X3. Additional results: controlling for maximum territorial autonomy of any administrative unit.</strong></caption>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td colspan="2">Civil violence (group)</td><td>Communal violence</td><td>Communal violence</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>Maj. (model A8)</td><td>Min. (model A9)</td><td>Maj./min. dyad (model A10)</td><td>Maj./min. dyad (model A11)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left">Territorial autonomy</td><td>-2.013<sup>*</sup></td><td>-1.098</td><td>1.425</td><td>0.321</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.899)</td><td>(0.930)</td><td>(1.034)</td><td>(0.870)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Territorial autonomy (max.)</td><td>1.027</td><td>-0.137</td><td>-0.591</td><td>-0.615</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.973)</td><td>(0.960)</td><td>(0.880)</td><td>(0.849)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Territorial autonomy x included/excluded</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2.573<sup>***</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.560)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Included</td><td>-1.174<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.424</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.298)</td><td>(0.415)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Included/excluded</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.104</td><td>-0.758<sup>†</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.458)</td><td>(0.458)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Excluded/excluded</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.582</td><td>0.642</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.530)</td><td>(0.470)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (state)</td><td>0.524</td><td>2.083</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(1.009)</td><td>(1.277)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (state, mean)</td><td></td><td></td><td>1.926</td><td>2.033</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(1.834)</td><td>(1.870)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (state, diff.)</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.445</td><td>-0.510</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.874)</td><td>(0.902)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (unit)</td><td>0.242</td><td>3.095<sup>**</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.533)</td><td>(0.960)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (unit, mean)</td><td></td><td></td><td>2.362<sup>*</sup></td><td>2.287<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(1.072)</td><td>(1.136)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (unit, diff.)</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.920<sup>**</sup></td><td>-0.856<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.336)</td><td>(0.354)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Asymmetry</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.279</td><td>0.291</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.317)</td><td>(0.314)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Population (unit, logged)</td><td>0.408<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.253<sup>**</sup></td><td>0.276<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.287<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.077)</td><td>(0.095)</td><td>(0.121)</td><td>(0.120)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Area (unit, logged)</td><td>0.018</td><td>0.110</td><td>0.469<sup>**</sup></td><td>0.453<sup>**</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.090)</td><td>(0.129)</td><td>(0.153)</td><td>(0.148)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Avg. ruggedness (unit)</td><td>0.001</td><td>0.001</td><td>0.001</td><td>0.001</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Oil in unit</td><td>0.475</td><td>0.701<sup>*</sup></td><td>1.082<sup>*</sup></td><td>1.011<sup>†</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.520)</td><td>(0.302)</td><td>(0.519)</td><td>(0.525)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Distance capital (unit, logged)</td><td>-0.054</td><td>0.153</td><td>-0.101</td><td>-0.102</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.151)</td><td>(0.164)</td><td>(0.194)</td><td>(0.184)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Distance border (unit, logged)</td><td>-0.219<sup>**</sup></td><td>-0.097</td><td>-0.190<sup>*</sup></td><td>-0.170<sup>†</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.082)</td><td>(0.112)</td><td>(0.095)</td><td>(0.093)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">GDP pc. (logged)</td><td>-0.443<sup>**</sup></td><td>-0.831<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.429<sup>†</sup></td><td>-0.347</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.169)</td><td>(0.221)</td><td>(0.232)</td><td>(0.235)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Population (state, logged)</td><td>0.070</td><td>-0.194</td><td>-0.004</td><td>0.013</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.141)</td><td>(0.130)</td><td>(0.213)</td><td>(0.211)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Democracy</td><td>0.146</td><td>-1.471<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.256</td><td>0.332</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.765)</td><td>(0.695)</td><td>(0.543)</td><td>(0.544)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Ethnic fractionalization</td><td>0.132</td><td>0.138</td><td>0.867</td><td>0.927</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.953)</td><td>(1.344)</td><td>(1.149)</td><td>(1.106)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Election year</td><td>-0.532<sup>†</sup></td><td>0.359</td><td>0.283</td><td>0.307</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.287)</td><td>(0.335)</td><td>(0.231)</td><td>(0.221)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence peace years</td><td>-0.506<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.481<sup>***</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.112)</td><td>(0.125)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence peace years 2</td><td>0.029<sup>**</sup></td><td>0.024<sup>†</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.011)</td><td>(0.012)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence peace years 3</td><td>-0.001<sup>*</sup></td><td>-0.0003</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.0003)</td><td>(0.0003)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence spatial lag</td><td>0.928<sup>***</sup></td><td>1.282<sup>**</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.251)</td><td>(0.493)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.217<sup>**</sup></td><td>-0.211<sup>**</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.070)</td><td>(0.072)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years 2</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.010</td><td>0.010</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.010)</td><td>(0.010)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years 3</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.0002</td><td>-0.0002</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.0003)</td><td>(0.0003)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence spatial lag</td><td></td><td></td><td>1.072<sup>**</sup></td><td>1.026<sup>**</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.375)</td><td>(0.377)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Constant</td><td>1.442</td><td>1.580</td><td>-23.045<sup>***</sup></td><td>-23.952<sup>***</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(2.271)</td><td>(2.194)</td><td>(2.899)</td><td>(2.946)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">N</td><td>26,082</td><td>152,377</td><td>203,208</td><td>203,208</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Log Likelihood</td><td>-1,090.294</td><td>-1,516.521</td><td>-1,559.564</td><td>-1,542.202</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">AIC</td><td>2,292.587</td><td>3,145.042</td><td>3,239.128</td><td>3,206.404</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">† p<0.1; * p<0.05; ** p<0.01; *** p<0.001; country-clustered SE’s in parentheses; maj. = second-order majority; min. = second-order minority.</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">The dependent variable is a binary variable equal to one if there is at least one instance of civil/communal violence involving a group/dyad in a given unit.</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">Region- and year-fixed effects included but not reported.</td></tr>
</table>
